Overview
of the Psychology Degree
The Psychology
Major is designed to provide a comprehensive undergraduate
education in this field, leading to the Bachelor of Arts
(B.A.) degree. The study of Psychology involves a search
for knowledge about human and animal behavior as well
as the application of this knowledge for the promotion
of human welfare. The subject matter of Psychology includes
how humans and other organisms perceive, learn, think,
develop, and relate to one another at the social level.
Students interested in learning about these processes
and/or the application of this knowledge to the treatment
of the various mental and emotional problems that can
develop, should consider majoring in Psychology.
Students majoring in Psychology receive a broad
exposure to developmental, social, cognitive, clinical
and physiological areas of Psychology, as well as specific
training in research methodology and statistics. Original
student research is also fostered and encouraged during
the undergraduate experience. Our program meets a wide
variety of student needs and interests. It provides
an excellent foundation for students who plan graduate
and continued professional training in any area of Psychology.
The program also provides expertise in psychological
science as a background for entry into a variety of
professions where an understanding of fundamental psychological
phenomena is important. Students find that a major or
minor in psychology can provide knowledge and skills
that are useful for advanced careers in fields such
as business, nursing, medicine, law, social work, counseling,
dentistry, elementary and secondary education, and biology.
The best paying and most intensive psychology-related
work is available only to persons with graduate degrees.
Nonetheless, many psychology majors with B.A. degrees
do find satisfying employment within or outside the
field of psychology. In terms of employability the bachelor's
degree in psychology functions like, and is probably
as marketable as, any other liberal arts degree.
The psychology major has been designed so that,
upon completion of the requirements for the major, students
will have:
- familiarity with a variety of content areas in
psychology
- familiarity with methodological issues and tools
of the discipline
- skills in designing and conducting research and
in analyzing and interpreting data
- familiarity with the historical evolution of major
perspectives and ideas in the discipline
- skills in reading and comprehending psychological
literature
- skills in thinking critically about ideas in psychology
- skills in speaking and writing with which to communicate
about ideas in the discipline
- awareness of ethical issues in psychology and guidelines
for ethical conduct
- familiarity with issues of diversity (e.g., culture,
ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic
status) in psychological theory, research, and practice
- awareness of post-baccalaureate opportunities for
psychology majors
Each course
in the psychology department curriculum is designed to
meet one or more of these objectives.
Coursework
and Individual Preparation
Although career
counseling is a vitally important step in discovering
interests and opportunities, a careful selection of courses
is equally important. At least some of the classes you
choose, whether for core requirements, a psychology major,
or electives, should be relevant for work after graduation.
If possible, choose some classes which reflect your personal
interests and career goals, and balance them with courses
in the liberal arts. Take advantage of the wide variety
of courses offered. Be assured that a solid degree in
psychology will serve you well, but also be aware that
many employers respect a college record which gives evidence
of a wide range of interests and abilities. You may find
it helpful to talk to upperclass students, graduates,
or faculty members to get opinions on course selection.
Make an effort to get personally acquainted with
some professors, both here and at other institutions.
Developing a professional network (a collection of people
in the field whom you know and who know you) can be
a great asset in finding entry-level positions and apprenticeships,
assistantships, and in connecting with other professionals.
Student memberships with organizations like the American
Psychological Association (APA), the American Psychological
Society (APS), and the Christian Association for Psychological
Studies (CAPS) are beneficial for additional involvement
with the field of psychology. (Information on these
organizations is available on the Psychology
Links Page)
Job
Opportunities
Psychology
as a Social Science Degree
Many graduates
look for work specifically in psychology. When you look
for employment, keep in mind the following specific skills
that you may bring to your work as a result of your psychology
major:
- research skills which can be applied in a wide
variety of settings
- quantitative reasoning skills (i.e. knowing how
to make judgments with statistics)
- assessment skills
- increased knowledge of self and others
- group leadership skills
- critical thinking about psychological issues
- appreciation for diversity
- computer and communication skills
- specific lab skills
- others, depending on your unique experiences
Psychology
as a Liberal Arts Degree
As a wide ranging
liberal arts degree, psychology prepares you to work in
a large variety of fields that require critical thinking,
problem solving, and general human relations skills. Many
employers in business, for example, look for general liberal
arts graduates. Keep in mind that many jobs and careers
do not fit into the disciplinary or professional categories
that we use in college. You have the opportunity to use
your liberal arts background in careers as diverse as
your imagination allows.
Designing
a Curriculum
It is difficult
to suggest a typical four-year program in psychology,
because each student's program is specifically tailored
to his or her needs and interest. The major lends itself
easily to specialization. Students considering graduate
work in psychology or professional careers in law, medicine,
business, or human engineering will find the training
received in any of these options to be quite valuable.
The Psychology curriculum provides a foundation of skills
and knowledge for careers both outside and inside Psychology.
Since most jobs require a well-developed sense of how
people function, a degree in Psychology is often a desired
background for a variety of different fields, e.g., retail
management, banking, social services, employment interviewing
and counseling, probation work, market research, public
relations, mental health work, and personnel management.
This major also prepares students who wish to continue
graduate work in Psychology or related areas, or who ultimately
wish to conduct psychological research, engage in clinical
or counseling professions, or teach Psychology in a university
setting.
Psychologists study
individual and group behavior and help people find solutions
to personal, family, school, or work problems. They
can be employed in academia as professors and researchers,
as researchers and/or consultants in the private sector,
or as counselors or clinicians.
Educational requirements: Psychologists normally
need a doctorate, although school psychologists may
be certified with a master's degree. Licensing is required
of clinical psychologists.
Human Service Workers work in group
homes and halfway houses, correctional, mental retardation
and community mental health centers, family, child and
youth service agencies, and programs concerned with
alcoholism, drug abuse, family violence and aging.
Educational Requirements: HS graduates perform
clerical duties; college degree in human services, counseling,
psychology, rehabilitation or special education is necessary
for counseling, program directors, and group home managers.
Counselors help people evaluate
their interests and abilities and advise/assist them
with personal, social, educational and career problems
and concerns.
Educational Requirements: MA in counseling, social work, or
related field usually required. BA in psychology, sociology
or counseling may be accepted coupled with experience
in social work or teaching.
BUSINESS:
Psychology is a highly relevant field of study that
is often recommended as a major for students planning
to pursue an M.B.A. degree. Graduate schools of business
are primarily looking for students with a strong liberal
arts background that focuses on both writing and quantitative
skills. Thus an appropriate undergraduate program would
emphasize a broad understanding of human nature and
social behavior as well as a functional grasp of mathematical
concepts.
Personnel, Training & Labor Relations
Specialists & Managers help management make
effective use of employees' skills and help employees
find satisfaction in their jobs and working conditions.
Educational Requirements: BA or MA in personnel
administration, industrial labor relations with study
or experience in business administration, education,
human services, communication, and public administration.
Securities & Financial Services Sales
Reps buy and sell securities for individuals
or institutions; brokers between clients and the securities
exchanges. Financial service sales reps call on various
businesses to solicit applications for loans and new
deposit accounts for banks or savings and loan associations.
Educational Requirements: BA/BS in business administration
or liberal arts with courses in accounting, economics
and marketing. Also, securities sales reps must meet
state licensing requirements, which generally include
passing a written exam and in some cases, furnishing
a personal bond.
Other Business-Related Occupations: Advertising
worker, employment assistance administration, industrial
psychologist, market research analyst, public relations
specialist, sales rep, vocational rehabilitation counselor
LAW: A background
in psychology can be enormously useful for the study
and practice of law. There are so many interconnections
between law and psychology that one can hardly go wrong
in terms of course selection. The most important thing
to do while taking psychology courses is to think continually
about the kinds of legal problems to which that information
might be applicable.
Police, Detectives & Special Agents
control traffic, prevent and/or investigate crimes,
gather facts & collect evidence for criminal cases.
Educational Requirements: Civil service regulations
govern appointments of police and detectives in practically
all states. Candidates must be US citizens, 21+ years
of age and able to meet rigorous physical & personal
qualifications.
Other Related Occupations: criminologist
EDUCATION:
Because the field of education encompasses a number
of different academic areas, psychology is one of several
majors which provide a strong background for graduate
work in education. For those students considering advanced
work in child development, educational psychology, counseling
psychology, and school psychology, a psychology major
is particularly relevant. Recommended courses include
those which deal with human learning and development.
Related Occupations: guidance counselor
MEDICINE:
Psychology is highly recommended as a major for premedical
students interested in psychiatry or neurology and is
a valuable major for any premedical student who plans
to practice medicine. What specific psychology courses
are best for premedical students? This is a complex
question. While courses in physiological psychology
may seem most relevant, courses in other areas such
as cognitive processes and abnormal psychology provide
information of enormous practical value for the future
physician. The intended area of medical specialization
will also influence the choice of courses: for example,
a future pediatrician would benefit particularly from
courses in developmental psychology. Courses in research
methods, and independent research, also provide valuable
training for students heading for medical school.
Other Related Occupations:
psychiatric social worker, psychiatrist
SOME OTHER JOB OPTIONS TO CONSIDER:
- editor
- minister
- occupational
therapist,
- safety
engineer
- technical
writer
Skills
of a Psychology Major:
- Proficient
in interpersonal communication
- Able
to evaluate personal problems and make appropriate
decisions
- Thorough
understanding of human development and behavior
- Able
to interpret and clearly explain psychological research
and tests
Personal
Attributes of a Psychology Major:
- Sensitive
to others
- Tactful,
patient, personable and inquisitive
- Desire
to continue learning throughout life
Activities
Related to a Psychology Major:
- Do an
internship
- Serve
as peer counselor
- Work
part-time or as a volunteer in a mental health agency,
psychology department, senior citizen home, advertising
agency, special education class, hotline, as a camp
counselor...
- Develop
promotional materials
- Participate
in community organizations or student council
- Read
psychology-related publications
- Value
integrity and service to others
The
following statement, taken from Paul Woods' book The Psychology
Major (APA, 1979) neatly and concisely conveys the main
ideas regarding employment for B.A. Psychology majors:
"Most of the readers of the present book are,
for the time being at least, primarily concerned with
employment prospects at the baccalaureate level. Those
graduating from college with majors in psychology are
similar to and different from all other college graduates.
They are just as well-qualified and should be as competitive
and successful in the general job market as many other
liberal arts graduates. But those aspects of their training
that deal with the subject matter and methodology of
psychology (including experimental methodology and statistics
and an appreciation of the relatively unique ways psychologists
view human behavior) give them a distinct advantage
over other graduates in a variety of job situations.
At this level of education we cannot talk about jobs
for psychologists; those graduates looking for a job
should not expect to find "psychology major" listed
in the qualifications or job description. A student
graduating as a psychology major cannot expect to be
employed as a psychologist any more than a student graduating
from a prelaw program, say, can expect to be employed
as a lawyer. Yet the psychology major is generally prepared
for a wide variety of roles and is specifically prepared
to fill many of them better and more competently than
people who have majored in other fields."
Preparing
for Graduate Work in Psychology
For students
considering a career in research and teaching in psychology,
or for students with other goals who wish to pursue a
broader and more rigorous academic program in psychology,
it is advisable to combine advanced courses in several
sub-areas of psychology and related fields, with a research
focus in one area of special interest.
Other suggestions for students wishing to pursue an intensive
program in psychology:
- Research
experience, particularly in the junior and senior
year, is highly desirable for anyone considering graduate
work in psychology. For those interested in clinical
psychology, counseling psychology, etc., some type
of paraprofessional experience is also recommended.
- Courses
in statistics, mathematics, and computer sciences
are becoming increasingly important and helpful for
graduate work.
- Advanced
courses in fields related to psychology (e.g., linguistics,
anthropology, biology, physiology, etc.) will further
strengthen students' programs.
A
Quote:
"Majoring
in psychology is not for everyone. It does not appeal
to those who seek quick and simple answers to complex
problems, nor to those who want the "approved solution"
to the questions of why humans act, think and feel as
they do. But if you are someone who enjoys mysteries,
gets excited by challenging puzzles, is curious about
human nature, intrigued by observing animal behavior,
thinks about the HOW and WHY of YOU, then you'll find
psychology a rewarding and even empowering major.
There is no field of knowledge with such an enormous
breadth of interest as can be found in psychology --
from the micro analysis of the functioning of single
nerve cells to the macro functioning of urban communities,
from invertebrate reflex behavior, to the perception
of a newborn child, to the prejudice of a group, to
the decision-making process of national governments.
We have it all. While many psychologists study fundamental
processes of human development, brain functioning, learning,
motivation, emotion, memory, judgment, language, personality,
mental disorders, and social interactions -- for the
sheer joy of understanding them better -- others seek
to apply psychological knowledge to improve the quality
of our lives."
Dr. Philip G. Zimbardo
Questions?
Click
here.
Or check out these other resources:
Sternberg, R.J. (Ed.) (1997) Careers paths in psychology:
Where your degree can take you. Washington, D.C.: American
Psychological Association. |